Topics in Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology (Haematology) Essay

Topics in Clinical Biochemistry and Haematology (Haematology) - Essay Example Sideroblstic anaemia can either ne inherited or acquired but in Johns case, an inherited disease is ruled out because he is already 64 years old and has never experienced any related disorder. Vitamin B6 and copper deficiencies are some of the likely precipitants of sideroblastic anaemia. Another probable diagnosis for John’s condition is Zieves syndrome but the condition can also be ruled out in John’s case because he has no history of prolonged alcohol abuse. John’s condition can therefore be diagnosed as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. The diagnosis of John’s case was confirmed by the results of the Comb’s test which was carried out. For example, the test revealed some aggregation in the red blood cells and is likely to have been caused by action of antibodies against the red blood cells. The results of full blood count (FBC) are significantly important in the determination of an individual’s health status, assessment of drug treatment and dietary deficiencies as well as during the diagnosis of a number of hematologic conditions. On the other hand, blood biochemistry tests such as Comb’s test can effectively be used to check for a number of abnormalities in the body chemistry (Blann, 2007, p.56). In most haematology laboratories, full blood count and biochemistry tests are some of the widely used wide screening methods that are often applied to check for the presence of disorders such as anaemia(decreased haemoglobin or red blood cells), infections as well as a number of other common diseases that can be manifested in different parts of the blood. FBC may also be requested or performed in a number of other more specific situations such as to determine the severity of blood loss in an individual, help diagnose diseases such as anaemia and leukaemia, monitor the response to some types of drug treatment as well as to investigate the history of abnormal clotting or bleeding. Healthy individuals are generally

Schools Website Development Template Essay Example for Free

Schools Website Development Template Essay Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people sustain from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts. Wikipedia defines a website, also written as Web site, web site, or simply site, as a set of related web pages containing content such as text, images, video, audio, etc. A website is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. A school website is any website built, designed, and maintained by or for a school. Many school websites share certain characteristics, and some educators have developed guidelines to help schools create the best and most useful websites they can. Now a days, website becomes an educational tool, some international schools like Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States), American Herbrew Academy (Greensboro North Carolina) uses website for their school. Locally, like University of the Philippines, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, De La Salle University, Ateneo De Manila University and may more university in the Philippines has their school website. This study focuses in two Municipality; Botolan, Zambales and Iba, Zambales. We notice that some of the schools in Botolan and Iba, have their website but most of them do not especially the elementary schools and public high schools. We come to an idea to develop a web development application wherein a school can create their school website in the easiest way and even if they have no technical background in web programming/web develoing. Background of the Study The study focuses in schools in Botolan and Iba, Zambales. We notice that some of the schools in Botolan and Iba, have their website but most of them do not especially the elementary schools and public high schools. So we come with an idea to develop a website development application for schools, this study aimed to help public schools in Botolan and Iba or even private schools to provide them an application wherein they can create their school website in an easy way. The schools can create a link where in they can post some news articles, school calendar etc. The proposed School’s Website Development Template aims to provide an application for schools in creating a website in an easy way. This application provides a friendly user interface so that the creator of the website can create a website without any technical background in web programming/web developing. Statement of the Problem The researcher wanted to know the effectiveness of the School’s Website Development Template. This research needs to provide answers to the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the respondents with respect to: 2. 1 Name 2. 2 Organization affiliated with 2. 3 Position 2. 4 Numbers of Years in Service 2. What is the level of effectiveness of the School’s the School’s Website Development Template be described in terms of: 3. 5 Reliability 3. 6 Functionality 3. 7 Operability/Usability 3. 8 Performance 3. 9 Maintainability 3. 10 Traceability 3. 11 Conceptual Framework The researcher aimed to develop School’s the School’s Website Development Template for schools. This Software is a website content management software where in a ordinary teacher can make their school website without any background in web developing. Input Profile: -Name -Organization affiliated with -Numbers of years in service Perception towards: * The School’s Website Content Management Software As to: Reliability Functionality Usability Performance Maintainability Traceability Output The Development of The School’s Website Content Management Software Process Survey Questionnaire Interviews Statistical Tools: Likert Scale System Quality Frequency Mean t-Test . Scope and Limitation The School’s the School’s Website Development Template has the capability to: a. The School’s the School’s Website Development Template can provide a template with an application where in they can develop a website for school. b. The website created by the School’s Website Development Template cannot be update online. c. The website created by the School’s Website Development Template can create, remove and update a link for the website. d. The website created by the School’s Website Development Template can create their header and footer for the website. e. The website created by the School’s the School’s Website Development Template has the ability to upload a banner for the school. (jpeg file) f. The website created by the School’s the School’s Website Development Template has the ability to upload icon in every link created. Significance of the Study School’s Website Content Management Software will benefit and provide to the following individual: Current Students. They can access the schools announcements; read some school news articles; can update school’s activities through school calendar. Interested Enrollee/Incoming Students. They can open the website to have an appropriate information about the school. They can view offered courses online so that they can choose a course for them. Student’ s Parents/Guardians. They can also use this website, so that they can view the school activities by reading and articles posted in the website. School teacher. They access the website and download the template at the same time the web development application wherein they can make website for their school in an easy way and even they don’t have any technical background in web developing.

How Single Events Propel a Child from Innocence into Adulthood :: Childhood Adulthood Development Essays

How Single Events Propel a Child from Innocence into Adulthood To show how single events or experiences propel a child form innocence into adulthood, I shall use the following texts, "Jane Eyre" a novel by Charlotte Bront, "The Flowers" a short story by Alice Walker, "The Stolen Party" a short story by Liliana Heker, "The Lesson" a poem by Edward Lucie-Smith and finally "Diana, Her True Story-In Her own words" an autobiography by Andrew Morton. Childhood is a muddled time where children are oblivious to what goes on in the surrounding environment, they think that everything is good and safe and are just unaware of the reality. Children generally learn the truth from their actions, parents, and sometimes it is a single event, which will be remembered from that moment on, to open their eyes to the real world. I am going to show how this change in a person occurs in the texts above. "Jane Eyre" a novel by Charlotte BrontÃÆ'Â «, the novel is written in third person narrative, given form Jane's point of view, giving the story a very honest, personal view on her life. "Jane Eyre" is about a young girl of 10 years old called Jane; she grows up as an orphan due to the death of her parents when she was a year old. She was sent to live with her aunt in Gateshead. She is not accepted into the aunts' family and she is open to daily cruelty and neglect throughout her childhood. Near the beginning of the book Jane is sent to the "Red Room" this is to punish her bad behaviour. The experience of being unfairly treated, is the first time she realises how unfair people and life can be towards her, because she is being punished for something her cousin started, by picking on her. Miss Abbot and Bessie already have a bad opinion of Jane, and with this bad action she is open to the worst punishment in her eyes possible, the Red room, and to make Jane more afraid Miss Abbott says "say your prayers, Miss Eyre, where you are by yourself, for if you don't repent something bad might be permitted to come down the chimney and fetch you away", by saying this actually being in the room has been made worse something more to be afraid of. Charlotte BrontÃÆ'Â «'s description of the red room is sombre, full of darkness and mystery, but to Jane a frightening room, but this is most due to the talk about it previous to being in it. The room is described with "red" being the main surrounding feature of the room,

Tennysons Poetry and Views Essay -- Alfred Tennyson Poet Poems Essays

Tennyson's Poetry and Views Alfred Lord Tennyson and his works have been an important part of canonical literature for over a century. He is as important as he is because his work is exceptional in many ways. One of these exceptional differences, in my opinion, is the conflicting view of women Tennyson portrays in his poetry, especially his poem "Locksley Hall." Tennyson's "Locksley Hall" is, in my opinion, a poem that would benefit greatly from an ideological discussion concerning Tennyson's views of women. This poem poses the questions: Are Tennyson's words describing a set of beliefs felt only by the narrator of the poem, or does Tennyson himself share these beliefs? Is the condescending, yet powerful view of women only the speaking character's view, or does Tennyson at least partly share that same condescending view? After all, Tennyson was a member of Victorian society. At the time Tennyson wrote "Locksley Hall in the 1800s," women's rights were just beginning to be questioned. Previous to this time of questioning, women were thought to be totally inferior to men: †¦it was argued that as a woman's brain was smaller in cubic content it was therefore inevitable that she was unable to reason or to generalize or to pursue a connected line of thought as well as a man could. It was the accepted belief that she was both mentally and physically inferior to man; that she was, in fact, a relative creature†¦ (Crow, 146) But at the same time, Victorian men were putting women on pedestals. Yet, this privilege of being put upon a pedestal was really more condescension than a privilege. Duncan Crow, author of The Victorian Woman writes, "They were not privileges at all, but a code of prison rules; and the women were not queens, ... ...all" as he did? Perhaps Tennyson never actually made known his opinion of women and the woman's place, but he did seem to think this jilted youth's rant was typical of his time. Tennyson was writing for a Victorian audience that could sympathize with this jilted youth. I believe for one such as Tennyson to even compose such a work he, at the very least, was very familiar with the conflicting Victorian view of women. This, to me, makes "Locksley Hall" somewhat of an extension of his own ideas and beliefs, concerning women, that had been thusly shaped and influenced by his own culture. Works Cited Buckler, William E., ed. The Major Victorian Poets: Tennyson, Browning, Arnold. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1973. Tennyson, Alfred Lord. "Locksley Hall." The Poetic and Dramatic Works of Alfred Lord Tennyson. Ed. W. J. Rolfe. NY: Houghton Mifflin Co. 1898.

Animal Experimentation 1

Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that it is necessary for the development of science. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Animals are living beings, like humans, that also have an important role in the world. However, instead of treating the animal with love and respect, we subject it to cruel and inhumane scientific and medical experiments to further human development. What a cruel fate for the unfortunate animals, and all because of human selfishness. On the other hand, in life, as in the jungle, the concept of survival of the fittest applies, and so, as the most intelligent animal, humans are just exercising our right to dominate and use other animals as we wish. For many people the issue of using animals for science is black and white. It is either they are very pro-animal rights, or very much in favour of using animals since we are the highest-level creature. On the one hand, some people say that subjecting animals to pain and torture is truly barbaric. All animals also have feelings, thoughts, and behaviours, and so we should look after them and respect them. They may also feel that if we are so unsure about the effects of a drug, for example, then we should chemical testing before doing live, and sometimes cruel, animal testing. Others, however, believe that we must use animals for the benefit of our own species. We should use them to test drugs, cosmetics, and new developments in science, which will provide a safer and better lifestyle for us. Very few people are inherently cruel, but they still believe it is either them or us. In truth, it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person. In my opinion, being cruel for the sake of being cruel and with no tangible results to show is definitely stepping over a boundary of acceptable behaviour. However, at other times, if the benefits of the research are explicit, tangible, and valuable, then I feel that the research is justified. Thus, whether the use of animals is right or wrong should be based on the purpose of what they are doing.

Iliad-Odyssey Paper Essays - Trojans, Ancient Greek Religion

Iliad-Odyssey Paper Essays - Trojans, Ancient Greek Religion Iliad-Odyssey Paper Hate to Love ?I lie upon my bed with my afflicted heart, besieged by tears so stubborn and so sharp that, even as I mourn, tear me apart? (Odyssey 19.610-13). The preceding quote made by the heartbroken and devoted Penelope in Homer?s the Odyssey shows an intensity of feeling that is lacking within his earlier work, the Iliad. It is amid the latter epic that the female roles are able to step into the limelight and express the befitting emotion that give the Odyssey a philanthropic feel. Therefore it is the female characters within the Odyssey that incorporate attention to compassion because they demonstrate greater altruistic expression than men especially here when compared with the Iliad. In the Iliad the dominant role is played by men hence women had to wait backstage to prove their own complexity of character. The highly regarded ancient Greek society was overseen by the males, that is, the women weren?t involved unless they had permission by the men. Women were valued the Iliad opens with the Achaian army?s capturing of two beautiful enemy maidens, Chryseis and Briseis, who are then awarded as prizes to Agamemnon but, in comparison to men, their concerns weren?t as proclaimed in early epic poetry. In the Iliad, for example, Hektor orders Andromache back into the house during the ensuing Trojan War: Go home, attend to your own handiwork at the loom and spindle, and command the maids to busy themselves, too. As for the war, that is for the men, all who were born at Ilion, to put their minds on most of all for me (Iliad 6.436- 40). Hektor also desires his own baby son to be a great warrior rather than being active in domestic affairs as he prays: O Zeus and all immortals, may this child, my son, become like me a prince among the Trojans. Let him be strong and brave and rule in power at Ilion; then someday men will say ?this fellow is far better than his father!? seeing him home from war, and in his arms the bloodstained gear of some tall warrior slain making his mother proud (Iliad 6.419-27). (Ironically, just before Hektor made this plea to the gods his baby ?squirmed round...and began to wail, terrified by his father?s great war helm? and thereafter was comforted by his mother?s ?fragrant breast? as she ?held and cherished? her small son.) Later when Hektor becomes frightened of the realness of encountering Achilles he says, ?Aye, then and there he?ll kill me, unprotected as I am, my gear laid by, defenseless as a woman? (Iliad 22.149-51). However, it?s in the Odyssey that a man puts his trust his own life?s safety in a woman to direct and protect him on his arduous journey. The men of the Iliad are incredibly jealous creatures whereas in the Odyssey they show sensitivity that rivals that of the women who have enhanced their shrewdness. Achilles gets angry because Agamemnon acquires the ?best? war prizes without fairly earning them: You [Agamemnon] thick-skinned, shameless, greedy fool!.. . . Never have I had a plunder like your own from any Trojan stronghold battered down by the Akhaians. I have seen more action hand to hand in those assaults than you have, but when the time for sharing comes, the greater share is always yours. Worn out with battle I carry off some trifle to my ships (Iliad 1.175-196). -#- Achilles later sits and weeps childishly to his mother, Thetis, over his prize being rewarded to his adversary. Thetis actually feels responsible for her son?s misery as she declares, ?Oh early death! Oh broken heart! No destiny so cruel! And I bore you to this evil!? (Iliad 1.481-2). The mother never scolds her son. In contrast, Odysseus becomes more empathetic throughout the Odyssey because Athena brings out a new humaneness within the hero. Odysseus refrains from gloating after he kills the suitors that have overtaken his palace and scolds his maid for rejoicing: ?Old woman, check yourself; you must restrain your joy don?t shout aloud. It is profane to let your voice exult when men are slain? (Odyssey 22.480-83). His selfless attitude gives the

Jane Eyre Study Research Paper Example

Jane Eyre Study Research Paper Example Jane Eyre Study Paper Jane Eyre Study Paper Essay Topic: Charlotte Temple Jane Eyre Literature The Winters Tale Winters Bone In the novel, when asked if she is book learned Jane replies yes very explore how, despite her early experiences at Lowood and the attitude towards schooling for girls in the nineteenth century Britain, Jane manages to immerge as an educated, young woman by the end of the novel. At Gateshead as a child, Jane is a sensitive, loving, intellectual and thoughtful character, she is keenly aware of her status as an outsider. Jane accepts the disapproval of both John Reed and his mother for their cruelty towards her. No; you are less than a servant(page 14), Although Jane is ill-treated by John, she is mostly disturbed by the fact that she is abused without Mrs. Reed caring, moreover, if she does try to speak out she is directly abandoned or ignored, once again. In addition to this Jane shows some knowledge of history throughout her reading, especially when she expresses her feelings towards John Reed, throughout her anger. Wicked and cruel boy! (Page13) You are like a murderer-you are like a slave drive-you are like the Roman emperors! (Page13) Jane Eyre shows some understanding about the Roman history even though she is living in the nineteenth century and has never been to school. She is fully aware of what and how the Roman emperors were, and their cruelty towards most people. Also as Jane gains confidence from her reading, she can fight back to John immediately, this implies John has no knowledge therefore he has nothing to say back to Jane and is gob smacked. Janes personality does not fit into any of the Reeds preferences; so Bessie tries to persuade Jane into being the way the Reeds prefer her to be. But if you become passionate and rude, Missis will send you away. (Page 15) The message given Jane informs the reader that it is wrong to be passionate at this time during the Victorian period was it was considered improper to be passionate. Therefore everything about Jane is wrong. Furthermore Bessie sets the scene for another section of the novel as she ends her sentence saying,Missis will send you away (page 15) This obviously gives the reader a clue into whats going to happen next, as Jane follows her own opinions and does not take into consideration any of the Reeds demands as she shows no knowledge in the warning that Bessie tries to give her. Jane feels divided from the rest of the Reed family, and they definitely do not do anything to make her feel more comfortable. John Reed says to Jane: You have no business to take our books; you are a dependant, mamma says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg and not to live here with gentlemans children like us. (Page 12) John states that Janes family was from a lower class and implying therefore she has no right to contribute or receive her love from the Reeds. Jane breaks away her relationship that she has with Mrs. Reed before going to Lowood, her last words to Mrs. Reed were. I will never call you aunt again as long as I live,( page 38) Jane shows the reader that she is slowly gaining independence, as she knows that she most probably wont meet the Reeds ever again and probably wouldnt want to meet them ever again. Jane gives us a sense of need for love as she has never been given the love, her imprisonment in the red-room has rendered into being more emotional, and it is not until she speaks these words to Mrs. Reed that she feels her soul begin to expand. (Page 40) Meaning she gains more confidence in speaking her mind, freely. Furthermore, the opening of this novel depicts the importance of payback as Jane declares that she will Tell anybody who asks me questions this exact tale. (Page 39) Jane expresses her power over and against her harsh aunt, Jane knows that she will meet new people and her life will start again in a new place and a new world with questions to be asked and answered. Jane feels alienated as she arrives at Lowood. This is exacerbated when Mr. Brocklehurst arrives and makes his decree like announcement that Jane is a: castaway-not a member of the true flock but evidently an interloper and an alien. You must be on your guard against her; you must shun her example, . Even on Jane Eyres first day of school she is tormented and mentally abused. One of the themes in this area of the book depicts hatred. Hatred is shown both ways from which Mr. Brocklehurst has treated Jane by excluding her from involving and socializing with the other pupils and teachers. Furthermore Jane Eyre is starved on the first day of school and has been put on the spot. As we can see in the first quotation Jane is known as a castaway and not a member of a true flock, meaning that she has been separated from anyone and has a lower status than anybody in the school. To end with Jane Eyre is given a lot of hatred from her little relationship between herself and Mr. Brocklehurst. In addition Janes desperation for Love is over, as she finds two new people in her school life, Helen Burn, her best friend and Mrs. Temple a teacher who is just like a mother to Jane. To gain some real affection from you, or Mrs. Temple, or any other whom I truly love, I would willingly submit to have the bone of my arm broken. (Page 71)In Lowood Jane Eyre, for the first time gets to express her love to her own loved ones. As she has never experienced love through friends, or a motherly like love through Mrs. Temple she is gradually building her confidence and is learning about relationships through her own ones. As Jane Eyres relationship strengthens with Helen Burns, suddenly, when she finds out that her best friend is dying, Jane has no reaction as Helen secures her. And I shall see you again, Helen, when I die? You will come to the same region of happiness (Page 83) For the first time in Janes life she feels the pain of losing a loved one; however she feels secure, as she knows Helen is going to go to a good palace, heaven. Jane also feels that when she dies she will be in the same place and meet her best friend once again. Before Jane leaves Lowood she assures her self of how Lowood was such a good place and the high standards of education she received. I had the means of an excellent education placed within my reach (Page 83). Jane has gained this satisfying eight year experience at school from which she has learnt so much, therefore she now believes in her self as an upwards independent educated woman. She may also be thankful to her aunt Reed for sending her to Lowood because without her aunts decision Jane would have never been to school, in addition to this Jane is ready to step out into the outside world as she is educated she probably would find a job quite easily. At Thornfield, Jane enters a new psychological state of being. She is no longer mistreated, abused, or ignored. Mr. Rochester would be glad if you and your pupil would take tea with him in the drawing room this evening (page 120). Jane feels secure and that she is well kept, she is told to do things in a polite manner and for the first time is treated with respect. Jane has never had this experience; therefore this would psychologically create a new state of being. Jane will gain an overwhelming amount of confidence and therefore she may also enhance her emotions and passion towards others. This is the first time Jane converses freely with a man. Apart from the social, historical, inhibitions that she communicates with, Jane also has her own unique sense of right or wrong. This means the portrait of Jane as a Victorian woman is inevitably one infused with morals and manners. Jane is very aware of her position as a subordinate; this leads her to restrict communications with her master. Jane over analyses almost every moment of every encounter with Rochester, this indicates that she is interested in him and has started to learn more about him. He made me love him without looking at him (page Janes relationship with Mr. Rochester gradually increases as she is having more debates and conversations with him. This shows us that not only is Jane learning to be independent and talk for herself, but she is also building on her relationships towards others and Mr. Rochester. Interestingly one of the reasons Jane has been looked down upon in her early years is a clear lack of unconventional beauty. This is perhaps one of the reasons Bronte makes it clear that Rochester too has such an appearance. Was Mr. Rochester now ugly in my eyes? (Page 148). Due to the fact that Jane is asking herself this question, we can see that there is some kind of correlation between her and her loves appearance. The message that Charlotte Bronte is trying to get across is that: love is not only about ideal appearances it is about the inner persons beliefs and the personality of the person. Charlotte Bronte uses very clever metaphors to describe Janes growing feelings. My thin-crescent destiny seemed to enlarge; the banks of existence were filled up; (page147). Jane has never given or received love from childhood. The sensation of love to Jane is indescribable as she has no experience, and probably doesnt know what love is. Therefore Mr. Rochester plays a big part in Janes life as he introduces her to love and teaches her to love and understand others. For the first time Jane undergoes jealousy over a man even though she cannot accept the concept of herself being jealous. But I was not jealous, or very rarely; the nature of the pain I suffered not be explained by that word. (Page 185) Janes jealousy overcomes her feelings as she admits that she is more than jealous. Again this goes back to Jane learning new ways to resolve her emotions and find her way around her work and social life. Jane is now mature and does not have any emotional effects whilst Mrs. Reed reveals why she hates Jane so much. I had a dislike to her mother; for she was my husbands only sister, and a great favorite with him: he opposed the family disowning her when she made her low marriage; and when the news came for her death, he wept like a simpleton. (Page 230). As a matter of fact Jane is quite grateful to Mrs. Reed for telling her about why she was always tormented in her childhood. In a way Mrs. Reed also shows a sense of humbleness as she now sees the burden fully grown up as a modest young educated woman. Charlotte Bronte uses beautiful personification to set the scene for the proposal. Had gone to bed with the sun. (Page 246) At the beginning of chapter twenty three, Bronte describes a fairytale like morning which also reflects on the feelings that Jane is going through at this moment. It describes a pleasant romantic time of day which introduces natural beauty. This may also be picking out on the purity of nature and how the place Jane is sitting in is very Eden like. Jane was gob smacked when she found out that Mr. Rochester was soon going to be married to Miss Ingram. This was a blow; but I did not let it prostrate me. (Page 248) Jane is so irritated but she wont let her emotions fall over her as she is still sitting beside Mr. Rochester in this wonderful romantic evening. Therefore this also means that Jane is learning to be a strong person and also learning to control her emotions which also tell us that she is now a young mature woman and doesnt need anyone to depend on. Through Janes experiences she learns to display her independence towards her love. I stood erect before him. (Page 252) Not only does Bronte use sexually describing word to create drama in the novel but she shows Jane as an upwards manly independent person who gives us the idea of herself doing what she thinks is right, and what her heart tells her to do. So basically she is under no pressure and no ones rights. Jane was delighted when she was told that she is to be the future Miss Rochester. I do and if an oath is necessary to satisfy, I swear it. This gives the readers a wow feeling as Jane and the reader is tricked by Mr. Rochesters sudden agreement of getting to married to her. Furthermore after the proposal there are many sexual verbs included in the novel. I ejaculated (page 253). This may refer to both of the characters knowing that they are soon going to married and as they are Christians they may have an understanding of sex after marriage is permissible so therefore this may give the reader the sense of them wanting to have sex probably straight after marriage. Jane is confused about two big decisions she has to make in her life. I must leave him, it appears. I do not want to leave him-I cannot leave him. (Page 296). As Jane is stuck and cannot make the decisions from what her brain and heart is telling her she has become a frantic panicky person and doesnt know what to do. This decision is also based on her learning throughout her life because its up to her to choose whats good or bad for her and her future. Charlotte Bronte has used a great amount of techniques to create tension between two characters. Erect he sprang; he held his arms out; but I evaded the embrace, and at once quitted the room. (Page 316). Bronte uses a good combination of alliteration to speed up the pace, create high anxiety and tension and also to emphasize feelings in a much quicker but detailed way. Jane Eyres desperation for God was intense. His omnipotence, I had risen to my needs to pay for Mr. Rochester. (Page 321). Jane gains a closer relationship with God, at this point she has time to reflect on what has happened and if it was for the good or not. The readers may think that at this time Jane may have a slight remembrance of her best friend Helen Burns as she was the one who taught, and helped Jane believe in God and ask him to help if the world turns Its back onto you. Once again Jane engages the reader through every step of her life. Do not ask me, reader, to give a minute account of that day; (page 325). Jane does not directly tell the reader about how awful that day was, but cleverly says it indirectly, to imply the dull, venomous, dark yesterday. This again catches the readers eyes because as the story telling goes on there are aspects of the novel which includes the reader so they also feel that they are in a part of this life experience. Jane carries on her journey only by following the path that her feet take her as she then reached the Rivers house in Morton. It is very well we took her in. yes; she would have been found dead at the door in the morning. (Page 335). At last there is some one that cares about Jane even though she doesnt know them at all. For the first time Jane has explored the outer world by herself and for once found herself sleeping in a warm comfortable bed with a nice little happy family. Janes relationship with the Rivers gradually grows as she no longer known as an outsider but as friend. Indicated to us the residence of you friends (page 342). Jane is slowly learning how to engage with people she doesnt know. As a result of her participation she has very quickly gained a family or even real close friends. She has rapidly built trust on these people and has treated them with respect so the obviously they do the same back. The message to the readers from this section of the novel is what goes around comes around therefore if you have caused no grief to others you most probably wouldnt receive grief from others. Janes old memories and hobbies are coming back to her in Morton. I like to read what they like to read. (Page 346). Even at this point Jane is learning new things and gaining higher education as she use to do in Lowood. In Lowood because Jane had nothing to do her hobbies would mostly be reading, therefore reading at this age not only gives Jane more education but it brings back childhood memories which may be a good or bad thing for Jane. Furthermore Charlotte Bronte creates a lot of competition between Jane and others throughout the story. I see now your habits have been what the world calls refined: your tastes lean to the ideal, and your society hast been amongst the educate ;( page 350). As Jane is educated many judge her due to the fact that she is a benefit to others living around Morton as there are not many schools or governesses in the area therefore people are fond of educated men and women that arrive in the village or town. Jane tries to hide the facts about the past. My home, then-when I at last find a home-in a cottage ;( page 355). Bronte uses excellent punctuality to create a sense of pauses, moreover to show a sense of hesitation and Janes Instability of her past. This tells the reader that not only has Jane ran away to keep away from Mr. Rochester but she ran away to forget about her past and start a new peaceful, elegant life. Janes new life as a school teacher was very pleasing. I began personally like some of the best girls; and they liked me. (Page 362) Janes new life was settling ad began to create new relationships with other students. After all, all that studying at Lowood did pay off in the end. Jane felt pleased with herself for the first time she did something that benefited her and other girls that were at the age of when Jane herself went Lowood For the first time after many years Jane comes out of poverty and receives her own money. Merely to tell you that your uncle, Mr. Eyre of Madeira, is dead and that he has left you all his property and that you are now rich-merely that. (Page 377). Jane finds out that has some type of relationship with her dads family but the bad thing is that one of them has died. Jane has learnt so much throughout her life that when she finds out about this money that she inherits, she straight away talks about sharing it with the rivers who are now her cousins. Jane goes melodramatic when she is proposed again my St John her half cousin. Nonsense, again! Marry! I dont want to marry. Jane will not accept this marriage because she believes that you have to love the man to be able to marry him and Jane doesnt love him therefore she wont marry him. The reader may also still think that Jane still has a lot of feelings for Mr. Rochester and will never be able to forget him ever again. To end of with she will purely not marry him due to the fact that he just wants a wife as a business partner and to travel with throughout there life, he also mentions that Jane is strong and has a good personality so therefore her hand in business would be very helpful. Even though Jane doesnt accept this marriage she still makes St John feel welcome. let us be friends. (Page 407). Jane is now mature enough, therefore she will try and make new relationships and resolve old ones. She makes St John feel comfortable as he hesitates to speak to Jane as she had disapproved the proposal. At the beginning of chapter thirty seven Brontes descriptions were very gothic. Characteristics of sad sky, cold gale, and continued, small, penetrating rain. (Page 425). This setting is the opposite to the setting that was described in the setting to the proposal of Mr. Rochester and Jane. Even though the descriptions may be gothic it still gives the reader an idea of a cold romantic winters evening. Jane only accomplished Mr. Rochester as her master. It was my mater, Edward Fairfax Rochester (page 426). Jane was delighted to see Mr. Rochester but in the same way still a bit angry for what had happened on there wedding day. Jane addresses Mr. Rochester by his full name, this may imply her respect for him and that her relation only goes as far as a governess and a master. Jane notices Mr. Rochesters sense of jealousy. You have spoken of him often: do you like him? (Page 435). Bronte makes a reverse in both characters, Jane and Rochester. Before Jane felt a sense of jealousy from Miss Ingram and now Rochester feels a sense of jealousy from St John. This collides with each other creating a little debate or two subjects that tease both characters if they are talked about. In the last paragraph of the novel Jane includes the reader. When his first born (page 446) the boy had inherited hid own eyes (page 446). Charlotte Bronte gives us an overview of what happened in the future, including the bit when Janes and Rochesters relationship and love or each other increases as they have a baby of there own and now can live as a happy family with no interruptions. My personal response I personally think that charlotte Bronte has created a really good and interesting novel. Also I believe that Jane Eyre has learnt so many new things in her life from living with child abuse to becoming a modest young women and even getting to the point of solving her relationship problems. I think that the most important thing that Jane has learnt is to love, most probably because she didnt know what love was, she never received any love from childhood and was never taught to love. Jane is an independent and well educated woman and I dont think she will ever drop again in life.

Common French Phrases

Common French Phrases To keep up a conversation in any foreign language, its important to familiarize yourself with common phrases and expressions. Odds are that theyll come up more often than not. In French, some of the most common phrases, like pas de problà ¨me (no problem) are similar if not identical to their English equivalent. These expressions are usually taught in class and tend to be relatively easy for students to grasp and recall. Not all common French phrases are simple. A good example of a more confusing expression is revenons   nos  moutons, which directly translates to lets get back to our sheep but actually means  lets get back to the subject at hand. Expressions like these are often used conversationally amongst native French speakers but are often neglected in classrooms. Whether youre planning your first trip to a French-speaking country or you just want to improve your speaking skills, here is a list of common phrases (both simple and more elaborate) that are essential to keep the conversation going.   Affirmatives and Agreements en effet:  indeed, thats rightpas de problà ¨me:  no problemtant mieux:  its just as well, even bettertout   fait:  absolutely, exactlybien  entendu:  of course, obviouslybien  sà »r:  of courseà §a  marche:  that worksà §a  mest  Ãƒ ©gal:  its all the same to me   Courtesies and Salutations la  và ´tre!:  cheers!  tes  souhaits:  bless youBon  anniversaire!:  Happy birthday!Bon  appà ©tit!:  Enjoy your meal!à §a va (?):  hows it going?, Im finede rien:  youre welcomegrà ¢ce :  thanks tosi ce nest pas indiscret:  if its not too personal a questionsi tu veux:  if you willtiens:  here you go, there you are Causality, Comparison, and Condition cause de:  because of, due to la fois:  at the same timeau fur et mesure:  as, whileau lieu de:  instead of, rather than​avoir lair (de):  to look (like)du coup:  as a result la  limite:  at most, in a pinch   la  rigueur:  or even, if need be   peine:  hardlyau  cas  oà ¹:  just in caseau fait:  by the wayvisvis (de):  facing, in relation to Debate and Discussion mon avis:  in my opinionah bon (?):  oh really? I seeau contraire:  on the contrary  dailleurs:  moreover, might I adda priori:  at first glance, in principleen  fait:  in factentendre dire  que:  to hear (it said) thatentendre  parler  de:  to hear (someone talk) aboutpar  contre:  whereas, on the other handpar  exemple:  for  example, such as; oh my, well really!revenons   nos  moutons:  lets get back to the subject at hand Duration and Time peu prà ¨s:  about, approximately, nearlydu jour  au  lendemain:  overnighten retard:  lateentre  chien  et loup:  at dusk, twilightfaire  le  pont:  to make it a long weekend  Ã‚  tout  Ã‚  lheure:  in a moment, a moment agotout   coup:  all of a suddentout de suite:  right away, immediately Exclamations and Expressions allons-y!:  lets go! la franà §aise:  in the French style or manner la une:  front page newsà §a alors:  how about that, my goodnesscestdire:  that is, i.e., I meancest  parti:  here we go, and were off  ce  nest  pas grave:  it doesnt matter, no problemdis  donc  / dites  donc:  wow, by the wayenfin:  well, I meanet  jen  passe:  and  thats not allet  patati  et  patata:  and  so on and so forthfais  gaffe:  watch out, be carefulfais  voir:  let me seefigure-toi:  guess what, get thisfin:  well, I mean  il y a  quelque  chose  qui  cloche:  somethings amissJarrive!:  Im on my way!je  taime:  I love youon  ne  sait  jamais:  you never know  Vive la  France!:  Long live France!plus à §a change...:  the more things change...mà ©tro,  boulot, dodo: the rat racetu  connais  la  musique:  you know the routinetu  mà ©tonnes:  tell me something I dont knowdu loup: speak of the devilvoil: there is, thats it Negatives and Disagreements à §a  ne  fait  rien:  never mind, it doesnt mattercest  pas  vrai!:  no way!  Jen  peux  plus:  I cant take (it)  anymore  Je  nen  reviens  pas:  I cant believe it  Je  ny  peux  rien:  Theres nothing I can do about it.  Je  ny  suis  pour  rien:  Its got nothing to do with menimporte  quoi:  whateveroh l l:  oh dear, oh nopas  du tout:  not at all  pas terrible:  not that great, nothing specialrien  Ã‚  voir:  nothing to do withtant  pis:  oh well, too bad, tough  tu  connais  la  musique:  you know the routinetu  mà ©tonnes:  tell me something I dont know Quantity/Amount de trop:  too much/manydu  tout:  not/none  at all  il y a:  there is, there are Questions nest-ce  pas?:  right? isnt that so?On y  va?:  Shall we go? Ready?tu te  rends  compte?:  can you imagine?ah bon?:  oh really?à §a va?:  hows it going?

Internationalisation, Trade and Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internationalisation, Trade and Markets - Essay Example aracterized as rather disappointing if taking into consideration the development of the country’s industries but also the availability of resources for supporting further industrial growth. Since December of 2014 a radical decrease of FDI in India has been reported; in February of 2014 the country’s FDI reached negative levels (Trading Economics 2014), a fact that should lead to severe concerns the India government. However, according to the graph in March and April of 2014 India managed to attract quite high amounts of FDI so that severe threats against the national economy are eliminated. In India, FDI has highly contributed in the country’s growth. More specifically FDI in India has been used for developing critical projects in regard to the country’s infrastructure, especially electricity and transportation (Economy Watch 2010). The Indian government has supported the extensive use of FDI in infrastructure-related projects: for example, the government accepted ‘the 100% funding by FDI of construction projects referring to bridges and tunnels’ (Economy Watch 2010, para.6); a ‘limit of $352,5million’ (Economy Watch 2010, para.6) for protecting the involvement of the country in excessive loans. Within 2013 a reform of India’s regulations in regard to FDI was initiated by the Indian government; flexible terms were introduced in regard to FDI on projects related to various industries, such as ‘telecommunications, defense, oil and power exchanges’ (India Brand Equity Foundation 2014) In any case, anytime that an FDI project is to be promoted in India it is necessary for the relevant authorities to check the process, as of its alignment with existing laws, especially the Companies Act of 1956 and the SEBI (Security and Exchange Board) regulations (Reserve Bank of India 2014). The infrastructure of India needs further improvement. Many areas of the country suffer from lack of appropriate infrastructure, a fact that prevents foreign investors

Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case - Assignment Example still lacks strong brands, there is high completion, there is lack of strong distribution link, barrier to entry is still low, and price per kilo of butter has dropped from 405 in 1998 to 205 in 2000 (VÃ ¶gtlin 5). In spite of the current challenges facing development and survival of Russian ice-cream industry, there are evidences of its future prosperity. In order to become more structurally active, this market will likely to increase barriers to entry. This will make raw materials for butter readily available for manufactures at cheaper costs. This will also create and capture more value (VÃ ¶gtlin 7). Additionally, this market will create a strong brand identity and increase marketing of products. The number of companies will also be reduced to minimize competition. This will be achieved through buying of smaller players. I recommend that Ice-Filli should adopt and implement a buyout strategy. This is because this company still has a number of weaknesses in improving its managerial and capital resources, which are required to create and implement the existing strategies. I feel this company will be more secure, in the future, if it is managed by an investment group or another company, which can invest the knowledge and capital required to thrive and

Division in the nineteenth-century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Division in the nineteenth-century - Essay Example For example, Stephen Dedalus identifies (like his father) with Parnell, the fallen champion of Irish independence (â€Å"Home Rule†), yet he later rejects the Gaelic nativism and nationalism of his college friend Davin. Write an essay that analyzes and illustrates the hybrid postcolonial attitudes toward Irish politics, language, and culture in Portrait. The Christmas dinner scene, Stephen’s conversation with the dean of studies, or his exchanges with Davin are examples of passages you might consider. You havent defined what "hybrid attitudes" are and I dont understand what this sentence means:   "These hybrid attitudes Stephen encounters throughout the novel only help Stephen strive for his own identity and escape the connection the Irish have made with the dominant culture---the English."   I dont know what "hybrid attitudes" could "help Stephen strive for his own identity and escape the connection . . . with .   . the English," which contradicts the whole idea of postcolonial hybridity.   First youd need to tell us what "hybrid attitudes" you mean (Im not aware of any).   The Christmas dinner scene, for example, doesnt show us a hybrid culture; it shows hostility between two different political/religious causes (which youd have to name and explain before wed undestand them):   theyre not "hybrid" in themselves.   Im not sure youre understanding what the question says about "hybridity your statement isnt true: Stephen *cant* "escape the connection . . . with . . . the English."   That he cant escape it is what makes *his* identity hybrid and postcolonial.   And the "attitudes" youre discssuing below arent hybrids:   Mr. Casey  is a Parnellite who  favors Irish independence  (the "native" side); Dante, because of her Catholicism, is anti-Parnellite and therefore sides with British political interests (the "imperial" side).   Both scenes are relevant and yes the xmas dinner

Uncertainty reduction theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Uncertainty reduction theory - Term Paper Example Therefore, the importance of the uncertainty reduction theory in communication can be explained with the statement offered by Heath and Bryant (2000). As the authors emphasize, the uncertainty reduction theory is based on the statement that the key aim of the communication process between two people is to reduce the uncertainty, and get to know each other by applying various communication strategies, including passive observation, active assessment, and interpersonal communication. Theoretical Discussion The bases of the uncertainty reduction theory are linked with the concept that people will try to get to know as much as possible about each other by using various communication channels. Considering the fact that their uncertainty can be observed through behavioral and cognitive factors, it should be emphasized, that the general premise of the theory is linked with the necessity to adapt behavior and communication in order to find the most suitable behavioral pattern. Additionally, people tend to find out the opponent’s opinion, as well as formulate their own one about the other communicator. The further reduction of uncertainty can be observed on the relational communication level, and the key premise of this transition is linked with the statement that people become highly motivated in advancing the communication level, in order to reduce uncertainty, and reach certain goals. The key terms of the theory are grounded on the interaction patterns, applied by the strangers. Moreover, Berger and Calabrese (in Kramer, 2004), the founders of the theory, divide the interaction into three key stages that can be regarded as the liking or disliking communication factors: The entry stage is aimed at creating the first opinion, and development of the initial behavioral pattern. This is also featured by the use of the behavioral norms, commonly accepted within the society, while the character of the information exchanged (either verbal or nonverbal) is often of the demographic or transactional nature. The personal stage involves interaction initiation when the basic information concerning the stranger’s beliefs and attitudes is found out. This stage can be entered only after several entry stages. The interacting individuals start probing each other for the particular attitudes, values, and personal features of character. This stage is also featured with the emerging of particular emotions towards each other. The exit stage is also regarded as the decision-taking phase of the relations development. Therefore, people have enough information concerning each other, and they decide whether they have sympathy towards another person, or not. This stage is featured with the decisions whether the further relations will be developed. Therefore, clear understanding of the communication cycles is crucial for studying the behavioral and communication patterns, people resort to, in order to reduce their uncertainty about each other. The key paradigm of the uncertainty reduction theory falls under the premise that people feel uncomfortable when they know nothing about each other, and the communication process between two communicators is turned into getting to know as much information as possible about each other. The uncertainty reduction makes collocutors feel less uncomfortable. However, considering the basic theorems of the theory, it should be emphasized that the actual

Dark Invasion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dark Invasion - Essay Example Morgan. The Bomb Squad head of department, Tom Tunney, who is a New York Police Inspector is assigned the crucial mission of seizing them. Tom Tunney assembles a team of operatives to hunt down these conspirators among a very large population of Germans but the more he unveils the enemies plan the more he comes to understand that their plan is way much dangerous and complex than he thought. The New York’s Police Department captain, Tom Tunney, is the one who suspect that the series of explosions that occurs in the country, which particularly targets the ships and destroyed munitions plants, is part of much bigger plan by the enemy to destroy America and he sets on a very determined journey to find the perpetrators. Tunney’s work is remarkable, considering the fact that he had a jurisdictional limitation as he had to work for both the federal government and the NYPD. In this true story tale it is observable that the then head of state, Wilson, Was informed of the plot of the intelligent network of German spies but it seemed not to strongly concern his decision. The Germans were satisfactorily convinced that they were right to wage war to the USA because the claimed neutrality of the Americans was hypocritical and equally dangerous to the father land. Tunney discovers the enemy’s devilish plan to blow out the ST. Patrick Cathedral. The German saboteurs planned to blow out the Cathedral to try and stop the Americans from joining the war on the side of the allies. Although it was not clear to the national security department if it was the activist and the anarchist who were plotting on this, the plan was still shuttered down by the NYPD. Tunney together with his loyal operative, learn of the imminent attack on the church and successfully manages to neutralize the plan which jeopardizes the malicious intensions of the enemy(Howard 32). The German operatives to the

Uncertainty reduction theory Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Uncertainty reduction theory - Term Paper Example Therefore, the importance of the uncertainty reduction theory in communication can be explained with the statement offered by Heath and Bryant (2000). As the authors emphasize, the uncertainty reduction theory is based on the statement that the key aim of the communication process between two people is to reduce the uncertainty, and get to know each other by applying various communication strategies, including passive observation, active assessment, and interpersonal communication. Theoretical Discussion The bases of the uncertainty reduction theory are linked with the concept that people will try to get to know as much as possible about each other by using various communication channels. Considering the fact that their uncertainty can be observed through behavioral and cognitive factors, it should be emphasized, that the general premise of the theory is linked with the necessity to adapt behavior and communication in order to find the most suitable behavioral pattern. Additionally, people tend to find out the opponent’s opinion, as well as formulate their own one about the other communicator. The further reduction of uncertainty can be observed on the relational communication level, and the key premise of this transition is linked with the statement that people become highly motivated in advancing the communication level, in order to reduce uncertainty, and reach certain goals. The key terms of the theory are grounded on the interaction patterns, applied by the strangers. Moreover, Berger and Calabrese (in Kramer, 2004), the founders of the theory, divide the interaction into three key stages that can be regarded as the liking or disliking communication factors: The entry stage is aimed at creating the first opinion, and development of the initial behavioral pattern. This is also featured by the use of the behavioral norms, commonly accepted within the society, while the character of the information exchanged (either verbal or nonverbal) is often of the demographic or transactional nature. The personal stage involves interaction initiation when the basic information concerning the stranger’s beliefs and attitudes is found out. This stage can be entered only after several entry stages. The interacting individuals start probing each other for the particular attitudes, values, and personal features of character. This stage is also featured with the emerging of particular emotions towards each other. The exit stage is also regarded as the decision-taking phase of the relations development. Therefore, people have enough information concerning each other, and they decide whether they have sympathy towards another person, or not. This stage is featured with the decisions whether the further relations will be developed. Therefore, clear understanding of the communication cycles is crucial for studying the behavioral and communication patterns, people resort to, in order to reduce their uncertainty about each other. The key paradigm of the uncertainty reduction theory falls under the premise that people feel uncomfortable when they know nothing about each other, and the communication process between two communicators is turned into getting to know as much information as possible about each other. The uncertainty reduction makes collocutors feel less uncomfortable. However, considering the basic theorems of the theory, it should be emphasized that the actual

Fox's Book of Martyrs Religious Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fox's Book of Martyrs Religious - Essay Example The main objective of writing this book is to attack the Roman Catholic Church and it' s hypocritical values. The writer has given detailed accounts of the corruption in the Roman Catholic Church and also the illegal or unethical ways; the Popes resorted to, to attain the position of Pope. The motive behind writing this book was to create awareness amongst the masses to rise against the tyrannical rule of the Romans. Fox himself was the victim of the unjust rule of the king and the notorious Bishop. Bishop had made an unsuccessful attempt of nabbing Fox and persecuting him. He was lucky enough to escape from his country. Being the witness of such gruesome incidents, he was provoked to write a book, and he did this with utmost dedication and sincerity. He even neglected his health and continued writing for this noble cause. The book speaks of the atrocities of Queen Mary on the Protestants and about the cruel Bishop Bonner. It was only after the accession of Queen Mary to the throne t hat the reign of terror began. For the sake of restoring the supremacy of the Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church, she ordered the persecution of those who protested against her power and Roman Catholicism. Hundreds of Protestants were burnt alive during her reign. It is really ironical that both the Romans and the Protestants fought in the name of God but Romans followed the unethical way and massacred those who followed the right path as directed by God. Although they shared common values, their motive was eclipsed by the vices like that of thirst for power and they adopted immoral ways to restore their supremacy. Thus this book not only deals with the tyranny of the Romans but also it speaks about the bravery of the martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the sake of their God and his Gospels. This book appeals not only to the heart but also to the head or mind of every Englishmen. The work of Fox was so appealing and so realistic that it was ordered that his work be displa yed along with the Bible in the churches and all public places where people could read the book. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the Englishmen accepted this book as an expression of national faith, second in place to the Bible. Whenever an Englishman entered any church, he discovered for himself about the ruthless behavior of Roman Catholics and about the valor of the Martyrs. The aim of this book was not merely to glorify the Protestants and undermine the Romans, but also about the human values as a whole as suggested by the Almighty. In the first part of the book, in the early Christian days we come across the saints like St. Stephen, James The Great, St. Luke, St. Philip, St. Mathew, James The Less, St. Peter and St. Paul etc. St. Stephen was stoned to death by the murderers of Christ, just because he tried to preach the Gospels of Christ to them in a faithful manner. Immediately after the persecution of St. Stephen all those who professed their beliefs in Jesus Christ as their Lord, had to face martyrdom. After 10 years of the persecution of St. Stephen, James the Great was beheaded. He was the son of Zebede and relative of Christ. He was beheaded by Herod Agrippa, the Governor of Judea. Agrippa used the strategy of attacking the leaders of the

Literary Elements in the Scarlet Ibis Essay Example for Free

Literary Elements in the Scarlet Ibis Essay In â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis,† James Hurst uses the aspect of nature in the settings to reflect when the tone transposes from a sorrowful and regretful tone to a more hopeful and joyous tone. Brother reminisces of a summer that has long since passed, as he sits in the house he was raised in: â€Å"It was in the clove of seasons, summer was dead, but autumn had not yet been born, that the ibis lit in the bleeding tree. The flower garden was strained with rotting brown magnolia petals andiron weeds grew rank amid the purple phlox. The last graveyard flowers were blooming, and their smell drifted across the cotton field and through every room of our house, speaking softly the names of our dead. † With this, the author uses the natural scenery of a dying garden in the transition of seasons to set a tone of sadness. He illustrates a garden with rotting flowers, a graveyard’s last flowers blossoming and their smell being carried to where Brother is, reminding him of the dead. Hurst uses the natural elements in the setting to paint a gloomy and dismal setting, he could have expressed what he saw and smelled from his garden in many ways, yet he chose to depict this garden dying. Furthermore, this was done to indicate the tone in this memory, which is one of sadness. Moreover, just as the author uses dying settings to reflect a sorrowful and dreary tone, he also uses beautiful settings to reflect a joyous and hopeful tone. Brother describes his and Doodle’s time shared in Old Women Swamp, a place he refers to as the only beauty he knows: â€Å"I would gather wildflowers, wild violets, honeysuckle, yellow jasmine, snakeflowers, and waterlilies, and with wire grass we’d weave them into necklaces and crowns. We’d bedeck ourselves with our handiwork and loll about thus beautified, beyond the touch of the everyday world. † Furthermore, Old Women Swamp is a place found beautiful to both Doodle and Brother, a place where they go to play and relax. Almost all of the joyous and hopeful times that Doodle and Brother share happen in Old Women Swamp: the first time Doodle stood where they go to lay and tell stories, and where they imagine they will build a house and live in together. The author once again uses the setting to reflect the tone; Hurst uses the abundance of beauty found within Old Women Swamp to show the hope and joy Doddle and Brother sometimes shared. Furthermore, as Brother remembers these times he does so in a joyous and hopeful tone. To them Old women swamp signified beauty and a world of never-ending possibilities. Moreover, all the scenes that take place in Old Women swamp are of happiness and hope, its portrayed as this beautiful place because that’s the way Brother remembers it and that might be because of all the happy moments he shared there with Doodle. Brother remembers all of theses events with a hopeful and joyous tone and all take place in serene, beautiful, and beloved Old Women Swamp. In conclusion, the natural elements of the setting indicate the change in the tone from a sorrowful tone to a joyous tone.

The Agenda Setting And Spiral Of Silence Media Essay

The Agenda Setting And Spiral Of Silence Media Essay Alan Crosbie, who is the Chairman of Thomas Crosbie Holdings, a large Irish media player said in his speech  commented on new media there is a tsunami of information coming from new media some of which has the capacity to destroy civil society and cause unimaginable suffering. Let us try and understand why Media holds so much power. Significantly Media has had a dominating influence over peoples lives and opinions since time immemorial. A classic example of convincing people of ones beliefs was during the Nazi Regime. The entire nation was convinced of the Nazi ideologies through getting the entire media channels either under the governments control or having censorship rights over the privately owned ones. This resulted in patriotic and nationalistic sentiments being instilled in songs, movies and even the news was censored to suit the ideology of the Nazis. The world as we see and know of around us is through the media and is hence is a second-hand reality portrayed to us by the media owners of the society. This becomes highly ominous in face of the fact that the entire world media is owned by about 9 Conglomerates only. Hence when there is a plethora of news bytes available, the news that reaches us is what the Media channels think newsworthy. And this is just a percentage of the world news that is present around us. This ability to influence which issues, persons and topics are perceived as the most important of the day is called the agenda-setting role of the mass media McCombs, 2004. The origin of the Agenda Setting Theory happened when Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw (1972), professors at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill used the presidential elections of the United States of America in 1968 as a live study to investigate the relationship if existed between the important issues of the public and that between the priority issues of the mass media.   McCombs and Shaw were able to determine the degree to which the media, in Bernard Cohens words, tell us [(the public)] what to think about. Agenda setting theory has two levels to it. The magnitude of media coverage the particular article gets How the article or object in question has been covered First Level Agenda deals with the issues present on the public, political and media domain. This is the most important area of the agenda setting research where media is seen as a highly influencing factor to the public and political issues. Second level agenda setting is more closer to framing. McCombs in his study discussed how second level agenda setting is more specific to the attributes that define the object in question. Balmas and Sheafer (2010) argued that the focus at the first level agenda-setting which emphasizes medias role in telling us what to think about is shifted to medias function of telling us how to think about at the second level agenda-setting. The similarity between second level agenda setting and framing is that they both are related with how a particular issue is portrayed, with mildness or with sensationalization. They are generic and not the issue or object specific. However they differ on the account of intensity, since framing is a higher degree or an ext ension of second level agenda setting. Spiral of Silence Spiral of Silence originates from understanding the Asch experiment (1958) and the Milgram experiment (1963). Asch experiment was a study on conformity. This basically measures how much other people get pressurized into changing their opinion or falling in line when people more powerful or in more volume than them do so. Other reasons for conforming are to not be isolated from the mass and be liked by their peer groups. The Milgram experiment tested the effects of punishment and hence understood the concepts of Obedience and Authority. These experiments prove that mass or volume opinions have a huge impact on individual opinions. The Spiral of Silence theory was created by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1974). Public opinion is the dominant opinion which compels compliance of attitude and behavior in that it threatens the dissenting individual with isolation and the politician with loss of support. In the words of  its  originator  Elisabeth  Noelle-Neumann: observations  made  in one context the  mass  media spread to  another  and  encouraged  people  either  to proclaim  their  views  or to  swallow  them  and  keep  quite  until ,in a  spiraling  process,  the one  view dominated  the  public  scene  and  the  other  disappeared  from  public  awareness as  its  adherents  became mute  ,  this  is the  process  that  can be  called  a  spiral  of  silence. This basically emphasizes on how when an individual feels they are in a minority, out of numerous fears and insecurities, they feel it better to be a part of the popular and mass opinion and hence an issue even if relevant if doesnt have anything to do with the majority will spiral into silence. The silence of a person, who differs from the majority, spirals upwards thus forcing other people to stay silent. theory09a-789436.gif Strengths Explains why the people remain silent when they find themselves to be the minority. Explains the influence created by media over the crucial issues. Explains why people prefer to withhold their true feelings. Rather than take the risk of being isolated Explains how the spirals of silence solve the societal conflicts. Limitations Does not apply completely to the field of media as the aspects of fear of isolation reprisal does not hold true in the virtual world. Questions the transparency in quantifying the majority the minority. Co-relation between Agenda Setting and Spiral of Silence According to Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, the spiral of silence and the agenda setting theory go hand in hand. She believed that media plays a major role in forming public opinions. Therefore the masses shape their opinions in accordance with the media and according to her, media is the strongest bridge between these two theories. We can support the above point with the help of an example. During the Nazi period, Hitler was convinced that German race is far superior than anyone else on this planet. He made an extensive use of the media tools available at that time to convince the people about the same. Some people believed this but there were a lot of them who did not believe in this concept of German superiority. Although they did not believe, none of them raised their voice because of the fear of the Nazi regime and the fear of isolation. They convinced this case. Examples of Agenda Setting Theory The role of media in shaping public opinion about The Iraq War The marketing effort by the Bush administration to gain support for the invasion of Iraq began to get into full swing by the fall of 2002. When Condolezza Rice, then National Security Advisor to the President, was asked a question on the case of preemptive war in a CNN interview, she said- We know that he [Saddam] has the infrastructure, nuclear scientists to make a nuclear weapon. And we know that when the inspectors assessed this after the Gulf War, he was far, far closer to a crude nuclear device than anybody thought, maybe six months from a crude nuclear deviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦There will always be some uncertainty about how quickly he can acquire nuclear weapons. But we dont want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud. Even the President made similar remarks about Saddams WMD program less than a month later on 7th October, 2002, America must not ignore the threat gathering against us. Facing clear evidence of peril, we cannot wait for the final proof-the smoking gun-that could come in the form of a mushroom cloud. These and other such statements marked the beginning of what the Center for Public Integrity called, false statements, in their 2008 report titled, Iraq-The War Card: Orchestrated Deception on the Path to War. The number of false reports increased tremendously towards the end of 2002 and the beginning of 2003, so did the general perception about Saddams nuclear program, suggesting a strong case for media agenda-setting. Future of Agenda Setting Theory With the introduction of the horizontal media and the internet, people have the option of following what they want without anyone forcing an opinion on them. The change in the technology and media has led to several changes in the agenda setting theory. This change is called as Agenda Mending which talks about the personal agendas of individuals vis-à  -vis their community and group affiliations  . This means that individuals join groups and blend their agendas with the agendas of the group.   Criticisms Agenda Setting Theory does not take into account the personal interests of an individual. Any issue considered salient by the media does not necessarily has to be important for the people. This theory uses a very scientific approach, therefore its not able to stand the test of scrutiny as humans are very unpredictable.

Essay --

Freedom of Religion The individual right to freedom of religion means that you can freely practice your religion without the government interfering. It’s in the first amendment of the Bill of Rights, in the Constitution, it protects all U.S. citizens to a certain extent. The first amendment went into effect on December 15th, 1791. 1The first amendment states â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof† (American Civil Liberties Union). There are two clauses in the U.S. Constitution that guarantee freedom of religion. The Establishment Clause which prohibits the government from passing legislation to establish an official religion. There is also the Free Exercise Clause, it prohibits the government from interfering with someone’s practice of religion (LII). The first amendment also sets a fine line between states’ rights and the churches rights (Black,130). Throughout time, many things have happened to w here the first amendment has had to been set into play. In 1620, a large group of settlers moved into the New England area, and formed individual colonies. This group was known as the Puritans. The Puritans fled Europe in search of religious freedom, which was not granted by the Church of England. The church expected everyone to turn to the Catholic religion. They worked toward religious reforms, so they could purify the church and their own lives. However, they discovered the church was far beyond reform because it was so powerful (Kizer, Kay). They realized the only way to purify their lives was to break away from the Church of England. They came to America where they could freely practice their religion. At this point in time there was neither a law against nor ... ...ace where every religion is accepted and welcome. It’s supposed to be a place where you can freely practice your religion without people discriminating against it (Washington Times). Another con is that some displays of symbols can be a violation of freedom of religion. It all depends if its for a certain season or if its to benefit or promote a certain religion (Harper, 62 and 63). Depending on what you’re showing, you can get in trouble for trying to convince people to believe in a certain religion. The public school system not allowing kids to read their religious book or let the teachers read excerpts from certain religious books, some feel isn’t right because they should be able to freely express their religion. So depending on who you’re talking about, this could be a negative or positive thing. There are also some cons to freedom of religion, as well as pros.

Private Schools vs. Public Schools :: Private Schools vs. Public Schools

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people in today’s society believe it’s wise to send their children to private schools. In making the decision on whether to put children in public or private schools, they look to four main factors: curriculum, class size, the graduation rate, and cost. When people have to pay for something, their first thought is, â€Å"Will I be getting what I’m paying for?† With a private school education, the amount you have to pay is usually well worth it. Public schools offer diversity. Here students can find people who are just like them and can associate better. Wherever you live, you have to send your child to the closest school. There’s no choice on what public school you can send your child to, whereas for private schools you can pick to send your child there. It’s not an easy choice for parents to decide, but many factors point toward a guarantee that a good education would be achieved, which is most important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In general, private schools are more focused and dedicated to the education of children. Teachers in private schools often earn more and can be more dedicated when working with parents who are as equally dedicated to their children. Your school is an investment in your child’s future and not a decision to be made lightly. ( http://scsc.essortment.com) In public schools, students are inclined to misbehave because they feel that teachers don’t care about them anyway so they go in thinking that they can do whatever they want and get away with it. Private schools have their own curriculum and if it’s not being followed they don’t have to keep you in their school. With this curriculum come certain rules one must follow while being there. For teachers, some rules that apply are that they set their own standards. Teachers here don’t have a guideline that they all must follow. Each teacher is different and has their own way of teaching that doesn’t have to follow the other teachers way of teaching. In public schools, teachers have a certain curriculum to follow based on the school district in which they teach in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Class Size is another issue. In private schools there’s usually smaller classes, so students are getting more attention. This makes it better for the students because if they need help, then it’s easier to get help from the teachers and to be more focused because of less noise and easier for teachers to control their classrooms.

Biology By2 Revision

Parasitic Nutrition 21 May 2011 10:43 = organisms that live on or in another organism obtaining nourishment at the expense of the host and causing harm. Gut parasite (Taenia solium) = tapeworm Primary host = human (eat uncooked infected pork) Secondary host = pig (drainage channels contaminated by human faeces) Adaptations†¦ – Suckers & hookers (attachment) – Body covering (immune responses) – Thick cuticle (inhibitory substances = enzymes) – Simple body systems (reproduction) – Very thin & large surface area (food absorbed over whole body surface = diffusion) – Male & female sex organs (gut can only accommodate 1 tapeworm) – Number of eggs produced (increase chance of survival) – Eggs have resistant shells (survive until eaten) Dormant embryos can form cysts in organs – damage surrounding tissue BY2 revision Page 1 Adaptions to different diets 21 May 2011 10:53 Reptiles & Amphibians = swallow food whole Mammals = cut up and chew (palate separates nasal cavity & mouth – kept in mouth longer) Carnivore = short gut (easily digest protein) Herbivore = long gut (p lant digestion difficult) Dentition Mechanical digestion = easier to swallow & increases surface area for enzyme action Herbivore Incisors Canines Lower jaw, cuts against horny pad (upper jaw) Indistinguishable from incisors Carnivore Sharp (tear flesh from bone) Large, curved, pointed = seizing prey, killing & tearing flesh Carnassial (slide past each other = garden shears) molars = cutting/crushing) Vertical (open wide to capture & kill prey) Not horizontal (dislocation) Jaw muscles = well developed/powerful (grip firmly on prey/crush bones) Cheek teeth Interlock. (W into M) Worn down = sharp enamel ridges (efficiency). Open roots (grinding) Jaw movement Other Circular grinding. Horizontal plane Diastema = gap between front & side teeth. Tongue moves cut grass to grinding surfaces (cheek teeth) Ruminants Produce most protein eaten by humans eg. Cows/sheep Mutualism/Symbiosis = close association between members of 2 species, both derive some benefit from the relationship. – Can't digest cellulose (no cellulose enzymes) – Cellulose-digesting bacteria live in gut of cow – Separated = food left long enough for digestion, bacteria isolated (optimum pH & conditions) Cellulose digestion†¦ – Grass chopped (teeth), saliva, cud formed, swallowed – 1st stomach = cellulose digesting bacteria (glucose = fermented – organic acids into blood. Waste = co2 & methane – Cud into next region, regurgitated & chewed again – 3rd stomach = water absorption – 4th stomach (‘normal' stomach) = protein digestion – Small intestine = absorption Rumen = greater variety of mutualistic organisms than in caecum More efficient = more complete breakdown of cellulose Bacteria = source of protein when dead BY2 revision Page 2 Digestion 21 May 2011 11:35 = the break down of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble molecules. Physical & chemical. Food passes through alimentary canal where it is digested & absorbed into the body. Digestive enzymes = hydrolases (catalyse hydrolysis of substrate – addition of water) – Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) > disaccharides > monosaccharides (Amylase = maltose >glucose) – Proteins >polypeptides >dipeptides >amino-acids (peptidase = endo/exo) – Fats > fatty acids & glycerol (lipase) Mouth (buccal cavity) – Mechanical digestion (teeth) – Saliva = salivary lands (mucus, salivary amylase & mineral ions = optimum pH – slightly alkaline) = lubrication & some protein digestion (amylase = starch > maltose) – Swallowed as bolus Oesophagus – Peristaltic contractions (longitudinal & circular muscles = not under conscious control) – Occurs all way through alimentary canal Stomach = muscular sac (2 sphincter muscles = cardiac & pyloric keep food in stomach) – Muscles in stomach wall contract rhythmically (mix food with gastric juice = secreted by stomach wall) – Gastric juice = optimum pH of enzymes (pH2. 0), kills most bacteria, peptidase enzymes = protein > polypeptides Pepsinogen (inactive) = activated by HCl to active peptidase enzyme – Mucus = form lining (protect wall from enzymes & acid/assist movement) – Food leaves as chyme – Purpose of HCl = optimum pH for enzymes, kill microbes, activate pepsinogen (pepsin) Gastric glands = peptic/chief cells (p epsinogen = inactive until HCl), oxyntic (secretes HCl) & goblet cells (mucus) Small Intestine = duodenum (first 20cm) & ileum Bile = produced in liver, stored in gall bladder, into duodenum via bile duct. = no enzymes. Bile salts = emulsifying lipids (lowers surface tension = globules – droplets [surface area]) = neutralise acidity = exocrine glands in Pancreas via Pancreatic duct. = Contains enzymes. Trypsinogen – Trypsin (Enterokinase) = Endopeptidases (protein > peptides) Pancreatic Amylase (starch > maltose) Pancreatic Lipase (lipids >fatty acids & glycerol) Pancreatic juice Walls of duodenum = Brunner's Glands (secrete alkaline juice & mucus) – correct pH & lubrication/protection Enzymes secreted by cells at tips of villi (Crypts of Lieberkuhn) Maltase = Maltose > 2 Glucose Sucrase = sucrose > glucose & galactose Endopeptidases/Exopeptidases = polypeptides > amino acids Endo = quaternary/tertiary – smaller polypeptides. Exo = peptides – amino acids Absorption Ileum adapted†¦ – Long BY2 revision Page 3 – Long Lining folded = large surface area Villi = finger like projections Epithelial cells = surface of villi (microscopic projections – microvilli) Large number of mitochondria = lots of energy required Glucose & Amino-acids = epithelium of villi (diffusion & active transport) into capillary network – hepatic portal vein to liver Fatty acids & Glycerol = lacteal (blindly ending lymph capillary) – lymphatic system into bloodstream (thoracic duct) Fatty acids, Glycerol & most vitamins = diffusion through epithelial cell membrane Glucose, Amino acids & dipeptides = need ATP (energy) – co-transport (Na+ ion) Dipeptides digested intracellularly-pump ions out and then draws more in – carries molecules in with it. Large intestine – Caecum, Appendix, Colon & Rectum – Water & mineral salts absorbed in colon – vitamins secreted by micro-organisms (vitamin K & folic acid (Vitamin B9) – Faeces = semi-solid condition (undigested cellulose, bacteria, sloughed cells) – defaecation Uses†¦ Soluble food products – bloodstream – tissues (assimilation/provide energy) – Glucose = energy release (respiration)/excess stored (fat cells) – Amino Acids = protein-synthesis. Cannot be stored (deaminated – urea {disposed} & carbs {stored}) – Lipids = membranes/hormones/excess stored as fat BY2 revision Page 4 Structure of the gut 24 May 2011 08:52 Peristalsis = aids movement of food through alimentary canal 1) 2) 3) 4) Ingestion Digestion (mechanical = increase surface area/chemical = enzymes, glands in wall/outside wall) Absorption Egestion Structure of Mammalian Gut – Outer serosa = layer of connective tissue (protection/reduces friction from other organs as it moves) – Muscle layer = inner circular/outer longitudinal muscles = peristalsis – Sub-mucosa = connective tissue, contains blood/lymph vessels – absorption & nerves (co-ordinate muscular contractions – peristalsis) – Mucosa = innermost layer (lines wall of gut), secretes mucus (lubrication & protection), secretes digestive juices in some regions (stomach)/absorbs food (ileum) – Lumen = cavity of gut BY2 revision Page 5 Glands 1) Large glands outside gut – secretions pass through tubes/ducts into lumen Eg. Salivary gland, liver, pancreas 2) Glands in form of cells in sub-mucosa Eg. Secrete mucus in duodenum (Brunner's glands – alkaline juices also) 3) Glands in form of cells in mucosa Eg. Gastric glands(stomach) = gastric juice Crypts of lieberkuhn(in base of villus of small intestine) = enzymes (complete digestion) – maltase = maltose – Sucrase = sucrose – Endopeptidase/exopeptidase = peptides/dipeptides BY2 revision Page 6 Adaptions for nutrition 24 May 2011 09:37 Nutrition = obtain energy to maintain life functions and matter to create/maintain structure (from nutrients) Autotrophic plants Use simple organic materials CO2 & H2O to manufacture energy & make complex compounds (make own food) – provide food for others = producers Green plants build up complex organic molecules eg sugars from CO2 & H2O. Source of energy = sunlight (absorbed in chlorophyll & related pigments) [6CO2 +6H2O > C6H12O6 + 6O2] Use energy from special methods of respiration to synthesize organic food Consume complex organic food material (cannot make own food) = consumers. Take food into bodies and break down by digestion. Usually internal in digestive system. Digested material – absorbed (body tissues – used by cells) Herbivores/Carnivores/Detritivores Dead/decaying matter – no specialized digestive system. Secrete enzymes outside body & absorb. (extracellular digestion). Microscopic = decomposers (important recycling valuable nutrients – nitrogen) – Photosynthesis Plants/algae/ certain bacteria Autotrophic bacteria Animals, fungi, some protoctists & bacteria Most animals – Chemosynthesis Heterotrophic – Holozoic feeders – Saprophytes (saprobionts) – Parasites – Mutualism (symbiosis) Fungi & some bacteria Tapeworm Organism that live in/on another organism and receive nutrition from it. Host suffers harm. Highly specialized. Cellulose Involves close association between members of2 different species. digesting bacteria Both derive some benefit from the relationship BY2 revision Page 7 Reproductive Strategies 24 May 2011 10:08 Life cycle = sequence of changes through which it passes during its life from origin in reproduction until death. Reproduction = ability to produce other individuals of the same species Asexual – Rapidly produces large numbers (identical genetic composition = clone) – Binary fission (eg. Unicellular organisms – bacteria/amoeba) – Budding (eg. Hydra/yeast) – Bulbs (eg. Onion/daffodil) – Runners (eg. Strawberry) – Tubers (eg. Potato) Sexual – Involves 2 parents – Less rapid than asexual – Offspring are genetically different – Fusion of haploid gametes Advantages/Disadvantages†¦ Asexual = lack of variety (adapting to environmental change) = if well suited to environment conditions, large numbers of successful type built up quickly Sexual = genetic variety (adapt to environmental change) = development of resistant stage in life cycle (can withstand adverse conditions) = formation of spores, seeds, larvae = dispersal of offspring. Reduces intraspecific competition – enables genetic variety to develop as required. = more chance of mutation (complexity of process) Production of Gametes Diploid = body cells (mitosis) Haploid = sex cells/gametes (meiosis) Haploid Sperm + Haploid Egg = Diploid Fertilized Egg Zygote formed – mitosis to grow Male gamete = small& extremely motile Female gamete = large/sedentary (presence of stored food) Mammalian eggs have only enough to survive until formation of placenta External Fertilization – Discharge gametes directly into sea/freshwater – Considerable wastage = eggs may not encounter sperm – Vast numbers of gametes produced – Frogs – joining of sperm/egg assisted by coupling. Male rubs hind legs on female for her to lay eggs, he immediately releases seminal fluid over them. – Amphibians usually terrestrial, must return to water to breed = external fertilization Internal Fertilization – Occurs inside body of female – Requires intermittent organ to introduce sperm to female's body – Less chance of gametes being wasted BY2 revision Page 8 – Less chance of gametes being wasted Allows male gamete to be independent of water for movement Fertilized egg can be enclosed with protective covering before leaving female. (Animals lay eggs) Embryos develop within parent and derive nourishment from her (placenta) = greatest adaption (mammals) Development of Zygote – Usually outside body – easy prey for predators – Many eggs produced to ensure some survive – Insects, internal fertilization (ensure sperm deposited in female's reproductive tract), external development (laid on food source) – Evolution of amniote egg (reptiles/birds) = fluid filled cavity, surrounded by membrane & protective shell, encloses embryo within yolk sac – Birds incubate eggs = embryo development (external) – Mammals = young retained in mother's womb/uterus (no shell). Embryo nourished from mother's blood supply (placenta). Born in relatively advanced state of development. Parental Care – Very little usually – Stickleback looks after eggs, defends territory, fans eggs to provide o2 until they hatch – Birds & mammals = provision of shelter, feeding, protection from predators, training for adult life. More parental care provided = fewer offspring produced Unisexual/Hermaphrodite â₠¬â€œ Plants = male and female gametes produced in one individual – Every individual capable of forming fertilized eggs – Possibility of self-fertilization = inbreeding (reduced genetic variability) – No intromittent organs – special techniques evolved for transferring gametes Success of Insects – Mainly terrestrial – Depend on these to pollinate crops – Competition for food also – Carry disease eg. Malaria Incomplete Metamorphosis (eg. Grasshopper) – Egg – Intermediate form = nymph (resembles adult – smaller) – Hard exoskeleton – doesn't grow, must shed skin/molt – Does this a series of times until it reaches full size Complete metamorphosis (eg. Butterfly/housefly) – Egg – Lava (specialized for feeding/growing) – Pupa/chrysalis – complete change – Emerges as adult specialized for dispersal and reproduction Plants Simple plants = algae (seaweeds = confined to sea) & mosses & ferns (confined to damp areas -male gamete can swim to egg) Successful plants = conifers & flowering plants (independent of water for reproduction – able to colonize land) Flowering plants = morphology (Efficient water carrying xylem vessels & reproduction) – Male pollen grains with hard coat = withstand desiccation (transfer to stigma of female – affect by environmental conditions) – Plants & grasses = small inconspicuous flowers – pollen carried by wind – Brightly coloured flowers & scent = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) BY2 revision Page 9 – Brightly coloured flowers & scent = attraction by insects (carry pollen to stigma) Male gametes travel through pollen tube to female part and egg (no longer needs film of water to reach egg) Fertilised egg develops into seed containing food store (with resistant coat) Key to success = relationship with animals (attract insects which pollinate/seed dispersal) & enclosure of eggs in ovary and evolution of seed – Can survive adverse conditions Flowering plants are so successful because of†¦ – Short interval between flower production and setting of seed (few weeks) – Seed with food store = embryo develops until leaves are produced above ground (photosynthesis) – Seed protects embryo from desiccation & other hazards = resistant coat – Leaves deciduous & succulent = decay when fall to ground – humus produced. (rapid recycling of ions for reuse) BY2 revision Page 10 Translocation 24 May 2011 14:41 = transport of soluble organic materials, sucro se and amino acids (bi-directional movement) Products of photosynthesis = phloem. From source (area that makes the photosynthate – sucrose = leaves) to sink (where needed for growth/storage) Phloem structure – Sieve tubes (adapted for longitudinal flow of material = no nucleus ,have pores =sieve plates allows rapid flow of manufactured food substances) – Companion cells (linked to sieve tubes by plasmodesmata with fibres & parenchyma, dense cytoplasm = lots of mitochondria – lots of metabolic activity, large nucleus – controls activity) – Phloem fibres – Phloem parenchyma â€Å"Mass flow† hypothesis – There is a passive flow of sucrose from source to sink – Does not account for observations such as movement in opposite directions at same time & rate – Other hypotheses = diffusion, cytoplasmic streaming Evidence for translocation†¦ 1) Aphid (greenfly) – Feed (proboscis), leave embedded proboscis, liquid = sucrose & amino acids. Sectioning stem shows proboscis is in phloem sieve tube 2) Ringing Experiments – Cut off ring of bark (including phloem, leave xylem), immerse in water. Swelling above cut = accumulation of organic solutes, cannot continue. Will eventually die 3) Radioactive isotopes – Carbon-14 supplied to plant – fixed in glucose upon photosynthesis (14C6H12O6) – Stem cut, x-ray = phloem contains radioactivity BY2 revision Page 11

Women in “Merchant of Venice” Essay

In Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, there are many controversies over religion and friendship, but the idea of the play that interested me the most was the role of women. The two women that are in this play take on the role of the saviors of the men who seem helpless and hopeless compared to them. Influences of the Radical Feminist Perspective in The Merchant of Venice Angela Caravella 2006 The role that women play within many Shakespearian plays often highlights their perseverance, strength, and intelligence. This perhaps indicates the playwright’s understanding that women should be on equal ground with men. However, the conclusion of his works lead to the powerful, independent woman settling back into society with her husband. Within the play The Merchant of Venice, the female characters achieve amazing deeds to â€Å"clean up† the messes that their husbands had made and achieve their own goals, only to return to their subordinate positions as wives. Portia, Nerissa and Jessica’s assumption of the male form to move unnoticed between Belmont and Venice allowed them a glimpse into the world of feministic ideals. In later scenes, when Portia and Nerissa push the boundaries of their disguise, they specifically emphasize the nature of radical feminism. The altering of Portia, Nerissa, and Jessica’s gender to suit the society of Venice is a direc t spat in the face of the patriarchy within the environment of The Merchant of Venice. Unfortunately, the overarching ideals of the world at this time are able to recapture their stranglehold on Jessica, Portia, and Nerissa. The construct of feminism is based upon the woman’s struggle in society for social, political, and economic equality with men. Feminism seeks to eliminate the notion of sexism, which is the degradation, oppression, and subordination of women (http://www.feministissues.com/radical_feminism.html). Feminism possesses many subcategories that focus on specific areas within the sphere of women’s inequality tin conjunction to men. One sub category, radical feminism, concerns itself with the idea that society is influenced by a male dominated or patriarchal hierarchy. Under this school of thought, the patriarchy can be described as â€Å"the division of rights, privileges and power primarily by gender, as a result of oppressing women and privileging men. A radical feminist essentially believes that they are oppressed on the single ideal that the gender of a woman is inferior and it can be considered that to alter one’s gender would be a radical feminist activity. The method in which the patriarchy is exercised upon women exists in physical and psychological forms through the physical action of deeds invariably leads to the psychological acceptance of the female’s role as subordinate. Women must adhere to several physical standards that obey the guidelines that determine the feminine form. They must be of the desirable body type, with small and graceful movements confined within an invisible enclosed space that is modestly dressed and eyes cast downward (Bartky, 67-69). Conversely, men with regards to space, take up as much of an area as possible that he influences unlike a woman who tends to be a victim of her environment. A woman who does not conform to such stringent standards is often termed by society as a â€Å"lo ose† woman or bad influence. This type of woman has already been accounted for under the patriarchal system. She is of less stature than women who adhere to the proper code of conduct and society has marker her for disgrace: â€Å"Her looseness is manifest not only in her morals, but in her manner of speech, and literally in the free and easy way she moves† (68). Eye contact is another physical action in which the proper woman makes little of so as to not challenge the man to whom she converses with. The loose woman again is seen as a threat to social norms because she looks at whatever and whomever she solicits her attention (68). When an action has been performed by the woman to displease a man a great deal of suffering ensues. The man himself may deny intimacy if he is unsatisfied with a female’s performance but the woman too punishes herself for having defiled the expectations placed on her by the patriarchy. â€Å"The depth of [these] women’s shame is a measure of the extent to which all women have internalized patriarchal standards of bodily acceptability† (77). Since women have made patriarchal values part of their inner psychological being, it is difficult to not feel the ramifications of feministic practices within one’s self. Within the play, The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, the three female characters: Jessica, Portia and Nerissa’s experience with differing levels of the influence of the patriarchy upon their radical fem inist actions taken throughout the play. The radical feminist perspective  has a focus on gender inequality, so to defy traditional societal norms of gender; for example, cross-dressing might be a physical action that a woman could perform as a method of control, empowerment and activism to promote this ideal. The female characters Jessica, Nerissa and Portia all engage in cross-dressing however, each woman uses this activity to achieve different aims as well as possess varying opinions regarding its use. Within Act II Scene 6 of the play, Jessica assumes the form of a man so that she may escape from her father’s grasp and elope with Lorenzo. I am glad ’tis night, you do not look on me, For I am much ashamed of my exchange. But love is blind, and lovers cannot see ,The pretty follies that themselves commit For if they could, Cupid himself would blush To see me transformed to a boy†¦ What, must I hold a candle to my shames? They in themselves, good sooth, are too too light. Why, ’tis an office of discovery, love, And I should be obscured (Shakespeare, 2.6, 36-40,42-44). Jessica is embarrassed by the disguise of a page to flee which exemplifies how tight the patriarchal ideals are bound to her personality. She is almost unable to save herself and exercise her own will when she realizes that she must pretend to be a man. When Portia and Nerissa cross-dress, the opinion is quite different or at least not indicated by Shakespeare. When we are both accounted like y oung men, I’ll prove the prettier fellow of the two, And wear my dagger with the braver grace, And speak between the change of man and boy With reed voice; and turn two mincing steps ,Into a manly stride; and speak of frays Like a fine bragging youth; and tell quaint lies, How honourable ladies sought my love, Which I denying, they fell sick and died-†¦(3.4,63-71). These characters â€Å"neatly solve a knotty legal problem† for Antonio and Bassanio under the guise of male lawyers (Jardine, 30). In their form they are able to manipulate the course of action within the courtroom as well as outside it by attracting ladies’ attention and convincing Bassanio and Gratiano to give up Portia and Nerissa’s rings. By defying their genders to enter into the male-dominated society in Venice they enact the essence of radical feminism. Portia and Nerissa do not hold shame for their actions that could be an indication of their lack of concern for patriarchal values but also an interest in saving the life of Antonio because he has a deep relationship with Bassanio. The most powerful point of Portia and Nerissa’s  activity as lawyers in Venice is that they are able to move undetected in society and achieve their goals. This activity deconstructs the male hierarchy because they achieve more than what Bassanio, Antonio or Shylock cou ld accomplish within the courtroom. As men these women were capable of accomplishing astonishing deeds since they were out of the realm of low expectations placed on women. To further strengthen the radical feminist philosophy, Portia and Nerissa are able to obtain power over the men so as to adjust the gender imbalance while not shrouded under the garb worn by men as well. â€Å"Portia’s clothes effect no metamorphosis on her spirit, the lawyer was never a lady, although the lady is always something of a lawyer (Dusinberre, 267-268). While Belmont can be considered more liberal in regards to women’s equality there is at lease one decree that remains steadfast, Portia’s marriage as determined from the casket test. Portias father’s power over his daughter even in death is a testament to the control men have in the affairs of women, as though they were property and not human beings. According to her father’s will, Portia’s husband will be the man who chooses the correct casket that contains a picture of Portia. â€Å"Oh, me, the word, â€Å"choose†! I may neither choose who I would nor refuse who I dislike; so is the will of a living daughter curbed by the will of a dead father† (Shakespeare,1.2,22-24). While the casket selection appears to be a strict stipulation, the clever Portia deciphers a method in which she can still have an influence upon the man that she marries. Portia â€Å"accepts† the fact that she must marry Bassanio after he selects the lead cask et as the fulfillment of her father’s desires. She was able to tip the scales of the decision-making process in her favor so that she could choose her husband by discreetly providing clues to indicate the correct casket. â€Å"Let music sound while he doth make his choice†¦Let us all ring fancy’s knell I’ll begin it- Ding, Dong, bell. Ding, Dong, bell† (3.2, 43, 69-71). Superficially, the situation relates to the overarching patriarchy and its strength; Portia however, acts to work against the oppressive contract she is bound to and chart the course of the selection of her husband (Dusinberre, 85). In addition to the creation of an equilibrium over her destiny by means of manipulation of her father’s will, both Portia and Nerissa are able to exercise some means of assurance that they will keep their husbands with the ring test. The concept of loyalty of the men towards the women embodied  within a ring serves as a form of commitment and gives the full right to end at the engagement of marriage should such a keepsake be misplaced. The promise Bassanio and Gratiano make to Portia and Nerissa respectively regarding the rings as strong a contract for the women as a legal bond similar to Shylock and Antonio’s agreement (Phialas, 145). When Portia and Nerissa call attention to the loss of the rings to Bassanio and Gratiano, they show signs of distraught and anger so much as to deny them their love. This exercises the feministic perspective because they are able to use as much discretion a man could in the gaining and subsequent dismissal of their fiancà ©s. Feministic values are highly prominent in the play The Merchant of Venice, especially those including the radical feminist concept of a patriarchal society. The female characters were able to utilize the activity of cross-dressing to carry out the bu siness they needed so that their lives might be more bearable while under the control of men within society. Not all of the characters felt empowered by their action to become men, a sense of shame accompanied Jessica during her course as a man. Portia and Nerissa were able to humble their future husbands to provide an equal ground for both couples with the ring test. Portia also even made it possible to guide the husband selection decision to suit her interests. The constant varying tension between the male and female characters in their struggle for dominance over the other indicates that Shakespeare had a deep and profound knowledge of the dynamic between men and women. Portia is the heroine of William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice. A rich, beautiful, and intelligent heiress, she is bound by the lottery set forth in her father’s will, which gives potential suitors the chance to choose between three caskets composed of gold, silver and lead. If they choose the right casket – the casket containing Portia’s portrait – they win Portia’s hand in marriage. If they choose the wrong casket, they must leave and never seek another woman in marriage. Portia is glad when two suitors, one driven by greed and another by vanity, fail to choose correctly. She favours Bassanio, a young Venetian noble, but is not allowed to give him any clues to assist in his choice. Later in the play, she disguises herself a s a man, then assumes the role of a lawyer’s apprentice (named Balthazar) whereby she saves the life of Bassanio’s friend, Antonio, in court. Portia is one of the most prominent and appealing of the heroines in Shakespeare’s mature  romantic comedies. She is beautiful, gracious, rich, intelligent, and quick-witted, with high standards for her potential romantic partners. She obeys her father’s will, while steadfastly seeking to obtain Bassanio. She demonstrates tact to the Princes of Morocco and Aragon, who unsuccessfully seek her hand. In the court scenes, Portia finds a technicality in the bond, thereby outwitting Shylock and saving Antonio’s life when everyone else fails. Yet, she also shows immense injustice and cruelty towards the figure of Shylock and those who are sympathetic with Shylock see her as the epitome of blunt, barbaric, Christian primitivism. It is Portia who delivers one of the most famous speeches in The Merchant of Venice: Th e quality of mercy is not strain’d. It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest: It blesseth him that gives and him that takes. Despite Portia’s lack of formal legal training, knowledge ,education,(give lines from text book.)she wins her case by referring to the details of the exact language of the law. Her success involves prevailing on technicalities rather than the merits of the situation. She uses the tactics of what is sometimes called a Philadelphia lawyer. However, the concept of rhetoric and its abuse is also brought to light by Portia – highlighting the idea that an unjust argument may win through eloquence, loopholes and technicalities, regardless of the moral question at hand – and thus provoking the audience to consider that issue. Portia From the first time we meet Portia, we see that she is a very smart woman and that she is looking for a man that has more thoughts in his head than those of money and beauty. She and Nerissa talk of the stupidity of all her suitors and it is very clear that she is looking for a respectable man who will love her for who she is and not for her money. This separates her from the men from the beginning. All the comments that she makes about the men put her on a pedestal compared to them. Just by speaking of men this way she shows that she is just smarter than they are. â€Å"God made him, and therefore let him pass for a man. In truth, I know it is a sin to be a mocker, but he!† (Act I. Scene ii. 56-58). The scenes in which she meets with the  suitors to choose the caskets and to see if they will marry her, she is clearly in the dominant position. She acts like she is a judge in a court and she has all authority over the suitors as they choose the different caskets and find out their fates. â€Å"Behold, there stand the caskets, noble prince. If you choose that wherein I am contained, Straight shall our nuptial rites be solemnized. But if you fail, without speech, my lord, you must be gone from hence immediately† (II.ix.4-8). She says these lines as a judge would pass down his or her sentence to the defendant found guilty of a crime. She shows herself to be of higher status to the readers and it seems a first to me because I have never read a Shakespeare play in which the women hold dominant roles over the men. Quick-witted, wealthy, and beautiful, Portia embodies the virtues that are typical of Shakespeare’s heroines—it is no surprise that she emerges as the antidote to Shylock’s malice. At the beginning of the play, however, we do not see Portia’s potential for initiative and resourcefulness, as she is a near prisoner, feeling herself absolutely bound to follow her father’s dying wishes. This opening appearance, however, proves to be a revealing introduction to Portia, who emerges as that rarest of combinations—a free spirit who abides rigidly by rules. Rather than ignoring the stipulations of her father’s will, she watches a stream of suitors pass her by, happy to see these particular suitors go, but sad that she has no choice in the matter. When Bassanio arrives, however, Portia proves herself to be highly resourceful, begging the man she loves to stay a while before picking a chest, and finding loopholes in the will’s provision th at we never thought possible. Also, in her defeat of Shylock Portia prevails by applying a more rigid standard than Shylock himself, agreeing that his contract very much entitles him to his pound of flesh, but adding that it does not allow for any loss of blood. Anybody can break the rules, but Portia’s effectiveness comes from her ability to make the law work for her. Portia rejects the stuffiness that rigid adherence to the law might otherwise suggest. In her courtroom appearance, she vigorously applies the law, but still flouts convention by appearing disguised as a man. After depriving Bassanio of his ring, she stops the prank before it goes to far, but still takes it far enough to berate Bassanio and Gratiano for their callousness, and she even insinuates that she has been unfaithful Act 3, Scene 2 Love 7: Bassanio and Portia are clearly in love with one another – they want to marry, but find themselves bound by the arbitrary rule set by her father. Portia doesn’t want to say goodbye to Bassanio forever, so he asks him to delay choosing a chest – if this is going to be the last time she ever sees Bassanio, she wants it to last as long as possible. Bassanio, on the other hand, can’t bear delaying his choice any longer. He can’t bear to live another moment not knowing if he’s going be able to marry Portia and spend the rest of his life with her.Ring: The ring Portia gives to Bassanio as a symbol of their love. He swears he will never part with it, and she uses it to test which of his loves is stronger, his love for her, or his love for his friend Antonio. Act 2 Scene 1:Persecution 3: The Prince of Morocco knows full well that the color of his skin would be an issue with anyone in Portia’s position, but begs her to take other things into consideration. He explains that there are other ways to judge him beyond the colour of his skin, and that in any of those respects, he is more than worthy. Portia says she has accepted the puzzle of the chests, and beyond that she has no interest in the color of his skin.Persecution 4: After the Prince has failed, Portia exclaims her relief that she won’t have to marry a dark-skinned man, and hopes that if any other dark people try to win her hand, they’ll fail just as the Prince had. Portia Like Antonio, Portia is an example of nobility. She is a fair-haired beauty with an immense power to attract. Her goodness and virtue enhance her beauty. Unlike Antonio, she is not passive, but displays energy and determination. In many ways, hers is the more forceful figure in the play. Her authority and control with which she deals and manipulates the circumstances of the play are exemplary. In Belmont, the terms of her father’s will leave her without any choice in her future husband, and she is saddened that she does not have an appropriate mate. As a dutiful daughter, however, she is compelled to accept her father’s wishes. Despite her dissatisfaction with her circumstances, she has a cheerful and optimistic nature. She is clever with words and wit and enjoys the opportunity of performing, both in Belmont and Venice. She uses her wonderful ability with words and her keen sense of humor to enliven the scenes in which she  appears. Her treatment of her money reflect s Bassanio’s belief that money is to be used only in the sense of helping loved ones. She proves she is unselfish and generous. Her happiness and Antonio’s meet in Bassanio. Her ideal of mercy is unselfish generosity and she shows an understanding of Christian values. As a Christian gentlewoman, she considers it her duty to show Shylock the foolishness of his exact interpretation of the law that has no mercy. She dresses as a young lawyer and goes to court to defend Antonio. Like Shylock has demanded, she strictly interprets the law and disallows the Jew from taking a drop of Antonio’s blood when he takes his pound of flesh. Since this is impossible, Shylock begs to just be given money, but Portia is unrelenting. She cites another law that states any alien who tries to take the life of a Venetian is to lose all of his money, which will be split between the state and the person who was to be killed. As a result, Shylock loses all of his wealth. Portia has cleverly tricked Shylock at his own game. Portia is the most multi-dimensional character in the play, alternating between a beautiful woman in the remote setting of Belmont and the authoritative lawyer in Venice, who orchestrates the victory of good over evil. Nerissa Character Analysis Nerissa is Portia’s woman in waiting (read: her sidekick). At the beginning of the play, she acts as a sounding board to Portia. She listens to Portia complain about her life and the unfairness of the casket contest and tells her to suck it up and be glad her father was wise enough to plan for his daughter’s future. This, of course, tells us that Nerissa is a very practical girl. Hmm. This must be why she agrees to marry Graziano if Bassanio can win Portia. Read all about it in our analysis of Graziano. she has patience says good things about her father Act 2, Scene 9 Love 6: Nerissa hopes that the god of love will bless Portia and bring Bassinio to her, since there is no other man who deserves her, and she can’t choose him. She thinks that only the devine intervention of Cupid could possibly bring Bassanio to Portia, and ensure that he chose the correct chest, that only with the help of a god could love overcome blind luck. Nerissa is Portia’s maid. She acts as a backdrop to the wit displayed by Portia. Her long association with her mistress has elevated her mannerisms and behavior to the point that she now acts as a witty and intelligent person. She, too, follows the examples set by Portia in many ways: she marries a gentleman from Venice, she follows Portia to Venice, she assumes the role of a lawyer’s clerk and she takes her ring from her lover. She is to Portia what Gratiano is to Bassanio. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..x†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.X†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Love 9: in order to give her husband a chance to prove his love, Portia tests him by demanding his wedding ring. Bassanio at first balks at the idea, h aving pledged that his wife is more important to him than anything else. Gratiano convinces him to part with the ring, though, assuring Bassanio that his wife will understand. Act 5, Scene 1 Love 10: Portia and Nerissa forgive their husbands for giving up their wedding rings, and return them. Bassanio and Gratiano pledge that no matter what happens, they won’t ever again make anything more important than their wives. Jessica:CHARACTERS Jessica Character Analysis Jessica is Shylock’s only daughter. She breaks her dad’s heart by running off to marry a Christian (Lorenzo) and helps herself to her dad’s ducats and some treasured family heirlooms. Being Shylock’s Daughter Before we dismiss Jessica as a selfish jerk who steals from and abandons her dad, we should keep in mind that life at Shylock’s house is not so great. It becomes even worse when their clown/servant Lancelot leaves: â€Å"I am sorry thou wilt leave my father so,† Jessica says to Lancelot. â€Å"Our house is hell, and thou, a merry devil, / Didst rob it of some taste of tediousness† (2.3.1). Shakespeare gives us a little taste of life at Shylock’s in Act 2, Scene 5: when Shylock and Jessica appear onstage together, Shylock barks orders at his daughter (while screaming at his servant). He demands that Jessica stay inside and â€Å"lock up [the] doors† so the sounds of music don’t drift in from the streets (2.5.5). OK, we can understand why Jessica wants to get out of Dodge, and she’s certainly not the only Shakespearean daughter to elope. But it does seem pretty cold when she trades her dead mother’s turquoise ring for a monkey after running off with Lorenzo. Her thoughtlessness devastates her father: Out upon her! Thou torturest me, Tubal: it was my turquoise; I had it of Leah when I was a bachelor: I would not have given it for a wilderness of monkeys. (3.1.14) Jessica’s Conversion Jessica not only runs away from her father’s house, she also converts to Christianity, and both are portrayed as acts of abandonment. When Lancelot the clown says Jessica is â€Å"damned† to hell because she’s the â€Å"Jew’s daughter,† Jessica declares â€Å"I shall be saved by my husband. He hath made me a Christian† (3.5.3). The idea here is that Jessica’s marriage to a Christian man will automatically make her a Christian too. The concept comes from 1 Corinthians 7:14 in the New Testament: â€Å"The unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband.† As literary critic Janet Adelman points out in Blood Relations, â€Å"marriage appears to occur to [Jessica] largely as a way to escape† being her father’s daughter: Alack, what heinous sin is it in me To be ashamed to be my father’s child! But though I am a daughter to his blood, I am not to his manners. O Lorenzo, If thou keep promise, I shall end this strife, Become a Christian and thy loving wife. (2.3.2) Here it becomes clear that Jessica not only hates her father’s rude â€Å"manners† but also associates Shylock’s conduct and behavior with being Jewish, which is why she can’t wait to â€Å"become a Christian.†As the daughter of Shylock, she is compelled to abandon him. The difference in their temperaments has made her circumstances intolerable. She is, although a Jew, as different from her father â€Å"as jet to ivory.† She is more at home with Christian ways than with the austerity of her father’s Jewish house. She likes Launcelot because of his capacity to introduce merriment to an otherwise gloomy household. She shows ingenuity in disguising as a pageboy to effect her elopement. Although guilty of theft and filial ingratitude in betraying her father, she shows an understanding of the moral sins that she has committed. Her drawbacks are mitigated by her loving and exuberant nature, which is similar to Portia’s vivacity and wit.